Status of the tuatara,Sphenodon punctatus,on Hongiora and Ruamahua-iti Islands,Aldermen Group,New Zealand

Abstract

Results from a survey of the tuatara populations on Hongiora and Ruamahua-iti Islands, conducted in March 1986, do not support an earlier report that the Hongiora population is declining (Crook 1973). On Hongiora, 49 captures were made of 43 tuatara over 12 man-hours, and on Ruamahua-iti, 67 captures of 60 tuatara were made over 12.5 man-hours. The mean body lengths of Hongiora tuatara (male=250.4 mm, female=220.8 mm) were significantly larger than those of Ruamahua-iti animals (male= 187.6mm, female= 179.3 mm). We question the interpretation that the smaller average size of tuatara on Ruamahua-iti Island indicates that they are younger than those on Hongiora Island.     

Pest problems: The view of New Zealand federated farmers

Abstract

Agriculture is fundamental to the well being of the New Zealand economy. We are very much a trading nation and will continue, for the foreseeable future, to depend upon primary production for the generation of New Zealand's wealth.     

Effects of environmental humidity on the survival and development of pine caterpillars, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

The pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis is one of the most important pests on Pinus tabulaeformis and other pine species in North China. In the present study, effects of relative humidity (RH) on the development and survival of pine caterpillars and soil moisture (SM) on their diapausing larvae were investigated. Low RH (20%) deferred the development of eggs and larvae, reduced egg hatching and larval surviving compared to 40%, 60% and 80% RH. Both low (20%) and high (100%) RH reduced egg hatching, but only 20% RH deferred the development of larvae, prolonged developmental duration and reduced the body mass and body length of larvae. The SM influenced the survival of diapausing larvae significantly. The dry treatment significantly reduced the supercooling points (SCPs), whereas increased the mortality and reduced body mass from 56.9 to 36.5 mg and body water content from 78% to 63% after 2 weeks' exposure. Therefore, higher RH is more favorable for the development of early instars and survival of diapausing larvae of the pine caterpillars.     

水稻二化螟灾变规律与栽培因素之关系分析

通过对20多年的历史资料分析,近年来安徽省广德县水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalisWalker灾变规律发生了新变化:发生期推迟,发生程度加重,主害世代推后。栽培因素如种植制度的调整,优质稻品种的普及,水稻播、栽期的推迟,免耕技术的推广等与其关系密切。这些因素将继续向有利于害虫方向发展,螟虫重发仍将持续。对螟虫的预测与控制必须予以关注。     

植物源杀虫剂对槟榔红脉穗螟幼虫的致死效应

【背景】红脉穗螟是棕榈科植物的重要害虫,目前主要采用化学防治措施对其进行防控。【方法】采用药膜法和饲喂法研究了4种植物源杀虫剂对槟榔红脉穗螟幼虫的室内毒力。【结果】印楝素、烟碱、鱼藤酮和除虫菊素对红脉穗螟各龄幼虫均表现一定的杀虫活性。其中,采用药膜法处理后,除虫菊素和烟碱对槟榔红脉穗螟各龄幼虫的毒力最高,LC50分别为3.83~17.01 mg·L-1和3.75~24.78 mg·L-1,且其毒力随着幼虫龄期的增大而减弱。浸叶饲喂法结果表明,烟碱和鱼藤酮表现出较强的杀虫活性,LC50分别为7.72~20.69 mg·L-1和11.41~25.25 mg·L-1。【结论与意义】植物源杀虫剂不同处理方法对红脉穗螟的毒力存在差异,生产上应根据药剂的作用方式合理选择。     

粘虫及其寄生性天敌—管侧沟茧蜂饲养方法

系统介绍了粘虫Mythimna separata (Walker)室内饲养的设备、步骤、技术要点、人工饲料配方及环境要求,并以粘虫为中间寄主,实现了粘虫低龄幼虫寄生性天敌管侧沟茧蜂Microplitis tuberculifer (Wesmael) 的室内大量繁殖,为进一步利用该蜂防治甜菜夜蛾、粘虫等田间害虫打下了良好的基础。     

湖北省钟祥市粘虫发生规律研究

为了明确粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)在湖北省钟祥市的发生规律,对小麦玉米轮作田粘虫成虫和幼虫种群的发生动态、粘虫雌蛾卵巢发育进度以及粘虫越冬虫量作了调查,分析了粘虫种群虫源性质。结果表明,钟祥市为1代粘虫多发区,其虫源为外地迁入的越冬代成虫,1代粘虫危害高峰期在4月中下旬,羽化盛期在5月中下旬,羽化后以迁出为主。第2代粘虫发生量很小,羽化后基本全部迁出;在田间未调查到第3代粘虫幼虫,本区发现的第3代成虫可能为由北方南迁的过境种群;第4代粘虫发生量也很小,羽化后全部迁出,不在本区繁殖危害。在田间未调查到准备越冬的粘虫。     

腹水传代Walker256乳腺癌细胞系建立骨癌痛模型的可行性

目的:探讨应用腹水传代培养Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌细胞系建立wistar大鼠胫骨癌痛模型的可行性。方法:将体重180-200g Wistar大鼠随机分为三组:正常对照组(Control组)、假手术组(Fake组)、接种Walker256乳腺癌细胞组(Model组)。Model组为将含1×10~8个/m L Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌细胞悬液20μL注入Wistar大鼠胫骨上段骨髓腔制备的骨癌症疼痛模型。Fake组经微量进样器注射等量的生理盐水入骨髓腔;Control组则不进行手术接种,分别于手术后数天(post-cancer cell implantation day,PID)PID 0 d、7 d、14 d及21 d摄片检查手术侧胫骨,观察大鼠的疼痛行为学变化,PID 0 d、7 d及14 d行胫骨HE染色。结果:PID 7 d摄片检查提示骨密度不均一,HE染色见大量肿瘤细胞浸润、骨小梁破坏,PID 14 d Model组均与Fake组、Control组行为学方面有显著的统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:应用腹水传代培养Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌细胞系可以建立wistar大鼠胫骨癌痛模型。     

基于形态及分子特征的鳖扁蜡蝉长翅型研究

研究了鳖扁蜡蝉属Cixiopsis Matsumura长翅型雌虫的形态和分子特征.通过和该属的模式种,即鳖扁蜡蝉Cixiopsis punctatus Matsumura,1900短翅型的形态比较,发现该长翅型雌虫在形态学方面存在某些差异.为了明确该长翅型雌虫的归属,还测定了该长翅型雌虫和鳖扁蜡蝉短翅型的COI序列,结...     

阿维菌素林间防治柳杉毛虫的药效试验

林间喷洒不同浓度的阿维菌素。防治柳杉毛虫幼虫,结果显示：800、1200、1600、2000倍液防治效果均达到82．4％以上,其中1200倍波防效达96．1％,可适用大面积生产性防治。